MANAGEMENT OF EXTERNAL PARASITES ON BEEF CATTLE

HEALTH FOCUS

THIS MONTH'S TOPIC: Vaccination

Worried about disease striking your herd? You're not alone. The uncertainty of when and where disease might strike has made vaccination increasingly important. Learn more in this month's Health Focus about why, when and how cattle should be vaccinated.

Cattle Vaccines and Their Use

Cattle Vaccines

Immunizing Beef Calves: A Preconditioning Immunization Concept

More Information

FEATURE STORY:

Immunizing Beef Calves: A Preconditioning Immunization Concept
Infectious diseases cause sickness and death in calves, before or after they are born. Unborn and nursing calves are at high risk to fatal diseases during the time of year when a beef rancher is calving cows, moving and mixing these cows, and bringing in bulls to them.

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HEALTH UPDATES

Management of External Parasites on Beef Cattle1

P. G. Koehler and J. F. Butler²

Keys to Pesticide Safety

Before using any pesticide, stop and read the precautions.
Read the label on each pesticide container before each use. Heed all warnings and precautions.
Store all pesticides in their original containers away from food or feed.
Keep pesticides out of the reach of children, pets and livestock.
Apply pesticides only as directed.
Dispose of empty containers promptly and safely. Recommendations in this guide are for guidelines only. The user must insure that the pesticide is applied in strict compliance with label directions.

The Food and Drug Administration has established residue tolerances for certain insecticides in the meat of certain animals. When these and other approved insecticides are applied according to recommendations, the pests should be effectively controlled and the animals' products will be safe for food.

The improper use of insecticides may result in residue in milk or meat. Such products must not be delivered to processing plants.

To avoid excessive residues, use the insecticides recommended at the time recommended and in the amounts recommended.

The use of trade names is solely for the purpose of providing specific information. It is not a guarantee or warranty of the products named and does not signify that they are approved to the exclusion of others.

Tables

Table 1. Pesticides Available

Trade Name (Formulation)		Common Name - %
Site(s)	Pest(s)	Re-Entry Time	Preharvest Time	Retreatment Interval
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 11.0%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Screwworm, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	14 days
Apply coarse spray over the whole body surface. Thoroughly wet the animal. Apply coarse spray over the whole body surface.
Atroban 42.5% EC (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 42.5%
Beef	Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	14 days
Apply sufficient spray to thoroughly wet animals. Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal. May be used as a dip or spray.
Atroban Delice Pour-On Insecticide (Pour-on)		Permethrin - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Pour along the back and down the face. Apply 0.5 fl. oz. per 100 lbs. of body weight of animal, up to a maximum of 5 fl. oz. for any one animal.
Atroban Extra (Ear Tag)		Permethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide - 10.0 + 13.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Attach one tag to each ear. Tags remain effective up to 5 months. Remove tags when control is lost and/or before slaughter.
Boss Pour-On (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Permethrin - 5.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal.
Brute (Pour-on)		Permethrin - 10%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Ready-to-use. Do not use on horses.
CB-38 Extra (Aerosol)		Pyrethrins - 0.30%
Beef	Deer Flies, Gnats, Horn Flies, House Flies, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Thoroughly spray entire animal from approximately 2 feet distance. Do not spray directly towards animal's face or eyes. Repeat application daily or as needed.
COMMANDO (Ear Tag)		Ethion - 36.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Calves less than 3 months of age should not be tagged. Remove tags when control is lost and/or prior to slaughter.
Catron IV (Aerosol)		Permethrin - 0.50%
Beef	Deer Flies, Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Mosquitoes, Screwworm, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Most commonly used for wound protection.
Co-Ral 1% Dust Animal Insecticide (Dust)		Coumaphos - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
May be applied directly by use of shaker can or a suitable mechanical dust applicator or by dust bag.
Co-Ral Animal Insecticide (Wettable/soluble powder)		Coumaphos - 25.0%
Beef	Cattle Grubs, Horn Flies, Lice, Psoroptic, Screwworm, Ticks	None	None	14 days
SPRAY: Apply specified dosage in 100 gallons of water as a high pressure spray so as to wet the skin, not just the hair, of the animal. Repeat as necessary but not more often than every 14 days. DIP TREATMENT: Mix specified dosage in 100 gallons of water. Agitate dip suspension thoroughly prior to each use. Two treatments, 10 to 14 days apart, are necessary to control scabies. Submerge each animal to assure complete coverage and thorough wetting of the skin. Dip animals as needed by not more than every 10 days. Do not apply to sick, convalescent or stressed livestock or to animals less than 3 months old. Do not dip animals when they are over-heated.
Co-Ral Emulsifiable Livestock Insecticide (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Coumaphos - 11.6%
Beef	Cattle Grubs, Horn Flies, Lice, Screwworm, Ticks	None	None	14 days
Apply as a spray or backrubber. Do not spray animals for 10 days before or after shipping or weaning. Do not apply to sick, convalescent or stressed livestock, or to animals less than 3 months old.
Co-Ral Flowable (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Coumaphos - 42.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Screwworm, Ticks	None	None	14 days
May be applied as a dip or spray. Be sure cattle have access to drinking water prior to dipping.
Co-Ral Fly and Tick Spray (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Coumaphos - 5.8%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Screwworm, Ticks	None	10 days	14 days
Apply as either a spray or backrubber.
Co-Ral Livestock Insecticide Spray (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Coumaphos - 5.8%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Screwworm, Ticks	None	10 days	14 days
May be applied as spray or backrubber. Do not apply to sick, convalescent or stressed livestock or to animals less than 3 months old.
Cutter 1 (Ear Tag)		Diazinon - 40.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Calves less than 3 months of age should not be tagged as ear damage may result. Remove tag when control is lost and/or prior to slaughter.
Cutter Blue (Ear Tag)		Fenthion - 20.0%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
All animals in the herd should be tagged. Remove tags at the end of the fly season or before slaughter.
Cutter Gold (Ear Tag)		Cyfluthrin - 10.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
All mature animals in the herd should be tagged. Remove tags at the end of the fly season or before slaughter.
CyLence Pour-On Insecticide (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Cyfluthrin - 1.0%%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	3 weeks
Del-Phos Emulsifiable Liquid (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Phosmet - 11.6%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Ticks	None	3 days	10 days
Spray: Apply fresh mixture as a high pressure spray, taking care to wet the skin, not just the hair. Apply to point of runoff. May also be used in a backrubber. Do not treat when cattle grub larvae are in the gullet or spinal canal. Do not treat sick, convalescent, stressed, or animals less than three months of age. Do not use on animals simultaneously or within a few days before or after treatment with or exposure to cholinesterawe inhibiting drugs, pesticides or chemicals. Consult a veterinarian at the first signs of adverse reactions.
Dominator (Ear Tag)		Pirmiphos Methyl - 20.0%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
For optimum control and to minimize the development of insect resistance, use two tags per animal (one in each ear). All animals in the herd should be tagged. Remove tags in fall or when treatment fails.
Double Barrel VP (Ear Tag)		Lambda-cyhalothrin + Pirimiphos methyl - 6.8 + 14%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
All animals in the herd should be tagged. Use two tags per head. Remove tags in fall or when treatment fails. Remove tags before slaughter.
Ectrin (Ear Tag)		Fenvalerate - 8.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Remove tags when control is lost and/or prior to slaughter.
Ectrin Insecticide Cattle Ear Tag (Ear Tag)		Fenvalerate - 8.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
GardStar 40% EC (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 40%
Beef	Deer Flies, Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	12 days
Do not use on sick, old or debilitated animals.
GardStar plus (Ear Tag)		Permethrin - 10%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Remove tags when treatment is lost. Remove tags before slaughter.
Lysoff Pour-On (Pour-on)		Fenthion - 7.6%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	5 weeks	14 days
Do not treat cattle for 10 days before or after shipping, weaning, dehorning or after exposure to contagious or infectious diseases. Do not treat calves less than 3 months, sick, convalescent or stressed livestock.
Max-Con (Ear Tag)		Cypermethrin + Chlorpyrifos synergized - 7.0 + 5.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Remove tags before slaughter.
MoorMan's Dust with Co-Ral Insecticide (Dust)		Coumaphos - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
Place in any commercially available dust bag. Do not hang over feed, minerals, or water troughs. Do not apply to sick, stressed, or convalescent animals.
MoorMan's Fly Spray (Aerosol)		Pyrethrins - 0.10%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Use full strength and apply as a mist spray only.
MoorMan's IGR Cattle Concentrate (Feed Additive)		Methoprene - 0.40%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
Thoroughly mix with grain or supplement and place near watering or loafing areas. Provide one feeder for each 15 to 20 head.
MoorMan's IGR Minerals (Feed Additive)		Methoprene - 0.02%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
Make sure cattle are not starved for minerals or salt. Place near watering or loafing areas and provide one feeder for each 15 to 20 head.
MoorMan's Insectaban EC Insecticide (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 5.7%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	14 days
Apply according to label directions over whole body surface. Be sure to thoroughly wet animal.
OPtimizer (Ear Tag)		Diazinon - 21.4%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	None
All animals in the herd should be tagged. Calves less than 3 months of age should be tagged with lighter-weight OPtimizer-Calf or ear damage may result. Remove tags when control is lost and/or before slaughter.
PYthon (Ear Tag)		Zeta-cypermethrin - 10%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	None
All animals in herd should be tagged. Remove tags when control is lost and/or before slaughter.
Patriot (Ear Tag)		Diazinon - 40.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Ticks	None	None	None
Calves less than 3 months of age should ot be tagged. Remove tags when control is lost and/or before slaughter.
Permectrin CDS Pour-On (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Permethrin (Synergized) - 7.4%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
May be used as a pour-on, spray or backrubber.
Permectrin Dairy Cattle & Swine Dust (Dust)		Permethrin - 0.25%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
Use in dust bags, shaker can, or mechanical dust applicator.
Permectrin Fly & Louse Dust (Dust)		Permethrin - 0.25%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
Place contents in any commercially available dust bag. Suspend bags in areas frequented by cattle or in gateways or lanes through which the animals pass daily for water, feed or minerals. May also be used in a shaker can.
Permectrin II (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 10.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Horse Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	14 days
May be applied as a spray, spot-on or in backrubber. Consult veterinarian before using on debilitated, aged, medicated, pregnant or nursing animals.
Permectrin II Dairy Cattle & Barn Spray (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 10.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Horse Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	14 days
May be used as a spray or backrubber. Do not use on sick, old or debilitated animals.
Permectrin II Horse and Stable Spray (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 10.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	3 weeks
May be used as spray or backrubber.
Permectrin Livestock & Litter Dust (Dust)		Permethrin - 0.25%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
Use in dust bags, shaker can or mechanical dust applicator.
Permectrin Pour-On (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Permethrin - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Apply as a pour-on.
Purina Beef and Dairy RAVAP Concentrate (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Tetrachlorvinphos + Dichlorvos - 23.0 + 5.3%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	10 days
May be used as spray or backrubber. Do not apply to calves under six months of age, or Brahman and Brahman-cross cattle.
Purina Cattle Dust (Dust)		Methoxychlor - 10.0%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	14 days
Purina Cattle Lice-Chek (Pour-on)		Fenthion - 7.6%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	5 weeks	14 days
Do not store mixture for future use.
Purina Easyduster Recharger or Kit (Dust)		Coumaphos - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
Provide thorough ventilation while dusting.
Purina Fly Larvicide Feed Mix (Feed Additive)		Tetrachlorvinphos - 7.76%
Beef	Horn Flies, House Flies, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Do not use manure/droppings on land where food crops are to be grown during the current growing season.
Purina Fly-A-Rest Aerosol (Aerosol)		Pyrethrins - 0.5%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, House Flies, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Spray from approximately 2-foot distance, as animals are being released to pasture. Do not spray directly toward animal's eyes.
Purina Fly-A-Rest Dairy Spray (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Pyrethrins - 0.6%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, House Flies, Lice, Mosquitoes	None	None	3 weeks
Do not wet skin.
Purina Grub-Kill (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Famphur - 13.2%
Beef	Cattle Grubs, Lice	None	5 weeks	None
Apply as soon as possible after heel fly activity ceases. It is important to treat before the grub larvae reach the gullet or spinal area. Do not treat Brahman Bulls. Keep swine away from areas where run-off occurs. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old; animals stressed from castration, overexcitment or dehorning; sick or convalescent animals.
Purina Hard Hitter 5.7% (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 5.7%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies, Ticks	None	None	14 days
Purina Hard Hitter Aerosol (Aerosol)		Permethrin - 0.50%
Beef	Deer Flies, Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Spray thoroughly, but not into eyes.
Purina Hard Hitter Aqueous Spray (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Permethrin - 0.50%
Beef	Deer Flies, Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Purina Hard Hitter Cattle Pour-On Insecticide (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Permethrin - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Purina Hard Hitter Dust (Dust)		Permethrin - 0.25%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
Can be used in dust bags, shaker can and mechanical dust applicator.
Purina Hog & Cattle Dusting Powder II (Dust)		Coumaphos - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Purina Malathion Spray (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Malathion - 54.6%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	14 days
May be used as spray or backrubber. Do not apply to calves under 1 month of age.
Purina Residual Livestock and Poultry Insecticide (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Tetrachlorvinphos - 24.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	None
May be used as a spray or backrubber.
Pyrenone (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Pyrethrins + Piperonyl Butoxide - 1.0 + 5.0%
Beef	Deer Flies, Gnats, Horn Flies, Horse Flies, House Flies, Lice, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	14 days
Apply light mist sufficient to wet the tips of the hair on beef cattle.Repeat every 2-3 weeks.
Co-Ral 1% Dust Animal Insecticide (Dust)		Coumaphos - 1%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	None
DUST BAG: Place contents of this package in any commercially available dust bag. Suspend bagsin areas frequented by cattle or in gateways or lanes through which the animals pass daily for water, feed or minerals. Bags may also be suspended in loafing sheds or in front of protected and mineral feeders. DIRECT APPLICATION: C0-Ral 1% Dust may be applied by use of a shaker can or by using a suitable mechanical dust applicator. Animals should be thoroughly dusted using not more than 2 oz. (6 level tablespoonfuls) of dust per animal per treatment. Repeat as necessary.
Rabon 50 WP (Wettable/soluble powder)		Tetrachlorvinphos - 50.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	None
Apply as coarse spray.
Rabon 7.76 Oral Larvicide Premix (Feed Additive)		Tetrachlorvinphos - 7.76%
Beef	Horn Flies, House Flies, Stable Flies	None	None	None
Ravap E.C. (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Tetrachllorvinphos + Dichlorvos - 23.0 + 5.3%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	10 days
May also be used in backrubber. Do not apply to calves under six months of age. Brahman and Brahman-cross cattle should not be treated as they may show hypersensitivity to organophosphate pesticides.
Saber Extra (Ear Tag)		Lambda-cyhalothrin - 10%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
May be used on all ages, including day old calves. All animals in herd should be tagged. Remove tags before slaughter. Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal.
Saber Pour-On (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Lambdacyhalothrin - 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice	None	None	14 days
Do not apply to face of beef cattle or calves. Not recommended for use on veal calves.
Spotton (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Fenthion - 20.0%
Beef	Cattle Grubs	None	45 days	5 weeks
Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. Do not treat cattle for 10 days before or after shipping, weaning or dehorning, or after exposure to contagious infectious diseases.
Synergized Delice Pour-On Insecticide (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Permethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide - 1.0 + 1.0%
Beef	Horn Flies, Horse Flies, Lice, Mosquitoes, Stable Flies	None	None	14 days
Pour-On: Pour the correct dose along the back and down the face. Spray: Use undiluted in a mist sprayer to apply the correct dose. Apply directly to the neck, face, back, legs and ears. Backrubber: Mix one pint per gallon of #2 diesel or mineral oil. Keep the rubbing device charged. The results are improved by daily forced use.
Taktic (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Amitraz - 12.5%
Beef	Lice, Sarcoptic, Psoroptic, Chorioptic, Ticks	None	None	10 days
Tiguvon (Pour-on)		Fenthion - 3.0%
Beef	Cattle Grubs, Lice	None	5 weeks	5 weeks
Do not treat cattle for 10 days before or after shipping, weaning, dehorning or after exposure to contagious or infectious diseases. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old, sick convalescent, or stressed livestock. Do not slaughter within 45 days of second treatment.
ULD BP-50 Contact Insecticide (Ready-to-Use Liquid)		Pyrethrins + Piperonyl Butoxide - 0.5 + 5.0%
Beef	Gnats, Horn Flies, House Flies, Mosquitoes	None	None	None
Apply 2 oz per animal, sufficient to wet the hair.Repeat treatment one or twice daily.
Vigilante Insecticide Bolus (Emulsifiable concentrate)		Diflubenzuron - 9.5%
Beef	Horn Flies	None	None	None
Do not administer to cattle weighing less than 300 lbs.
Warbex Pour-On (Pour-on)		Famphur - 13.2%
Beef	Cattle Grubs, Lice	None	5 weeks	6 weeks
Pour from shoulder to the tail head. Apply as soon as possible after heel fly activity ceases. It is important to treat before the grub larvae reach the gullet or spinal area as rapid kill or large numbers of larvae may possibly cause a host-parasite reaction. DO NOT treat Brahman Bulls, any calf less than 3 months old, animals stressed from castration, over-excitement or dehorning, sick or convalescent animals.
Warrior (Ear Tag)		Diazinon + Chlorpyrifos - 30 + 10%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	None
All animals in the herd should be tagged. Calves less than 3 months of age should not be tagged. Remove tags when control is lost and/or before slaughter.
ZetaGard (Ear Tag)		Zeta-cypermethrin synergized - 10%
Beef	Horn Flies, Lice, Ticks	None	None	None
All animals in herd should be tagged. Remove tags when control is lost and/or before slaughter.

Footnotes

1. This document is ENY-250, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: June 1993. Revised: May 1999. Please visit the EDIS Website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Additional information on these organisms, including many color photographs, is available at the Entomology and Nematology Department WWW site located at http://www.ifas.ufl.edu/~entweb/entomolo.htm.

2. P. G. Koehler, professor/extension entomologist and J. F. Butler, professor, Entomology and Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.

The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to race color, sex, age, handicap, or national origin. For information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension Service office.

Florida Cooperative Extension Service / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences / University of Florida / Christine Taylor Waddill, Dean

Copyright Information

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