Worried about disease striking your herd? You're not alone. The uncertainty of when and where disease might strike has made vaccination increasingly important. Learn more in this month's Health Focus about why, when and how cattle should be vaccinated.

	Cattle Vaccines and Their Use
	Cattle Vaccines
	Immunizing Beef Calves: A Preconditioning Immunization Concept
	More Information

FEATURE STORY:

Immunizing Beef Calves: A Preconditioning Immunization Concept
Infectious diseases cause sickness and death in calves, before or after they are born. Unborn and nursing calves are at high risk to fatal diseases during the time of year when a beef rancher is calving cows, moving and mixing these cows, and bringing in bulls to them.

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How does Johne's Disease affect your bottom line? What can you do to prevent and treat Johne's Disease? News reports from our sources help you to get more information:

• New Program to Reduce Johne's Disease in Herds
  A new three-stage program to help beef and dairy cattle producers control Johne's Disease within their herds has been developed jointly by the College of Agricultural Sciences and the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture. Penn State's role in the program is to provide educational materials for farmers and veterinarians and to provide training for both veterinarians and industry professionals.

• Gene-Based Test for Johne's Disease
  If you aren't familiar with Johne's disease--the most costly disease facing the dairy cattle industry right now--you aren't alone. Johne's (pronounced YO-nees) disease, which costs the U.S. dairy industry more than $1.5 billion annually, is caused by a bacterium that infects ruminant animals. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is related to, but different from, the organism that causes cattle tuberculosis.

• Information on Johne's Disease - Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
  from the Ohio Department of Agriculture Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory - Johne's disease, or Paratuberculosis, is a chronic (years) mycobacterial infection affecting primarily the lower small intestine of many ruminants...

• Johne's Disease (Paratuberculosis) - Penn State Cooperative Extension
  Johne's disease is a chronic, infectious, usually fatal, intestinal disease of cattle that also occurs in sheep, goats, and deer. It is widely distributed throughout the world and across all regions of the United States...

• Johnes Disease on US Dairy Operations
  58-page PDF document containing a wealth of information on Johnes Disease and its effect on dairy operations in the US. An extremely detailed report designed to highlight the problem that Johnes Disease presents and possible solutions.